Madagascar
Madagascar is a eastern African country of roughly 33.0M people, covering 587,041 km² with its capital at Antananarivo. Its economy is worth about $16B in nominal terms, anchored by vanilla, mining, tourism.
- Population
- 33.0M
- Projected population, 2026
Source: UN World Population Prospects - Capital
- Antananarivo
- GDP
- $16B
- Area
- 587,041 km²
- Currency
- Ariary
Map
Overview
Madagascar is a eastern African country of roughly 33.0M people, covering 587,041 km² with its capital at Antananarivo. Its economy is worth about $16B in nominal terms, anchored by vanilla, mining, tourism.
Government
Madagascar operates as a semi-presidential republic. Independence: 1960. Executive, legislative and judicial functions are exercised from Antananarivo.
Economy
Nominal GDP is approximately $16B, or around $484 per capita. The currency in circulation is the Ariary. Leading sectors are vanilla, mining, tourism.
Population
Madagascar has a projected population, 2026 of 33,035,200 people (United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects 2024 Revision, Online Edition — medium variant), a density of roughly 56 people per km². Values from 2024 onwards are medium-variant projections rather than live counts.
Cities
The largest urban centres are Antananarivo, Toamasina, Antsirabe. Antananarivo serves as the seat of government.
History
Modern Madagascar took shape through pre-colonial states, the colonial partition of the late nineteenth century, and independence in 1960. Our History section covers each period in depth.
Languages
Widely used languages include Malagasy, French. Official-language policy shapes schooling, courts and broadcasting.
Culture
Music, cuisine, film, textiles and sport in Madagascar form part of a fast-growing creative economy with an expanding export footprint.
Education
Primary enrolment is near-universal in most of the region; the constraints sit at secondary completion, technical training and higher-education funding.
Healthcare
Health spending across Africa averages about 5.7% of GDP. Madagascar's system combines public facilities, private providers and donor-funded programmes.
Business
Company registration, tax administration and access to finance are the practical determinants of doing business in Madagascar. See our Business section for sector reporting.
Investment
Investors typically look at vanilla, infrastructure and consumer services. Regulatory clarity and FX access are the recurring diligence questions.
Tourism
Visitors come for landscape, heritage and city life. Entry requirements, seasonality and internal transport are covered in our Travel guides.
Transportation
Road remains dominant; rail, ports and aviation capacity vary sharply and are the focus of most current infrastructure investment.
Infrastructure
Electricity access, broadband coverage and logistics quality are the three infrastructure metrics most closely tied to Madagascar's growth outlook.
Statistics
Full time series for population, GDP, trade, inflation, internet usage, education, health, tourism, agriculture and climate are published in The360Africa Data Center.
Frequently asked questions
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